Performance Analysis Of BTS (Base Transceiver Station) Viewed From The Influence Of Large Diameter Microwave Antenna

Microwave atau gelombang mikro merupakan gelombang elektromagnetik yang merupakan bentuk dari pancaran radio yang ditransmisikan melalui udara dan diterima dengan menggunakan antena yang berbentuk bundar yang dipasang di atas tower . Antena microwave berfungsi untuk menerima dan menyalurkan gelombang radio, bisa dari BTS ke BTS atau pun dari BTS ke BSC. Kinerja BTS sendiri salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh ukuran diameter antena microwave. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh besar diameter antena microwave terhadap kinerja BTS dengan membandingkan besar diameter di beberapa

Microwave is an electromagnetic wave which is a form of radio emission that is transmitted through the air and received using a circular antenna mounted on a tower.The microwave antenna functions to receive and distribute radio waves, either from BTS to BTS or from BTS to BSC.BTS performance itself is influenced by the size of the diameter of the microwave antenna.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the diameter of a microwave antenna on BTS performance by comparing the diameter at several different locations with the same type of provider.As for the signal parameter values, they are adjusted to the link budget calculation, which will later be compared with the data monitored via StarWeb LCT, so that the data or signal can be transmitted optimally.Based on the results of the analysis, the diameter of the microwave antenna affects the RSL value, frequency, and transmitting distance of the signal.A microwave antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m can transmit signals as far as 1-2 km, a diameter of 0.6 m can transmit signals as far as 3-4 km, a diameter of 0.9 m can transmit signals as far as 9-12 km, and a diameter of 1.8 m can transmit signals as far as 17-12 km.19 km, which means that the larger the size of the microwave antenna used the farther the signal transmission distance will be 32

I. Preliminary
The rapid development of science and technology has had major repercussions on human life.In the field of telecommunications technology, the need for telecommunications itself has now become one of the basic needs for all levels of society.In its development, currently telecommunication technology has reached 4G LTE technology, and there are even providers that apply 5G technology.
One of the mainstays of telecommunication systems is the telecommunication system using microwaves.Microwaves are transmitted through the air and received using a device such as an antenna known as a microwave antenna.A microwave antenna or microwave antenna is a device that is used to transmit and receive signals between sites so that all sites will be connected and connected to a central server [1].This microwave antenna has a different performance power depending on the size of the diameter of the microwave antenna, the location where the microwave antenna is placed, to the interference that may occur around the location where the microwave antenna is placed [2] [3].
Because each microwave antenna has a different diameter which will affect signal quality, in this study a comparison of the size of the diameter microwave antennas at several different locations in Pontianak City was carried out and monitoring signal parameters using a software and later on compared to the calculation of the link budget [4] [5] [6].
This monitoring is carried out as an initial identification step in comparing signal parameters.Monitoring at PT. Infratech Indonesia Ao Pontianak is implemented using StarWeb LCT.StarWeb LCT is a network monitoring website of the Huawei company that functions to monitor the alarm condition of microwave radio devices, microwave antennas, RSL values, configurations, topologies, and others [7] [8] [9].

II. Literature Reviews
The previous research used as a reference in this study is as follows:

II.1 Base Transceiver Station
The Base Transceiver Station is a transmitting station whose function is to receive radio waves and send them back.All communication devices require radio waves to be connected to one another.However, these radio waves are not directly connected to one another.Therefore, it requires BTS.BTS is a very important element for the continuity of the communication process.The main task of BTS is to send and receive radio signals to communication devices such as landline phones, cell phones and other similar gadgets.Then the radio signal will be converted into a digital signal which is then sent to the other terminal as a message or data.From several BTS, it is controlled or controlled by a Base Station Controller (BSC) which is connected to a microwave or optical fiber connection.[12] II.2 Components on the BTS Tower

Microwave Antennas
A microwave antenna is a drum-shaped device that is used to send and receive signals between sites so that all sites will be connected and connected to a central server.This antenna is also called a parabolic antenna [13].The microwave antenna supports point to point microwave communication.This antenna has various diameter sizes, ranging from 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm, up to 450 cm.In a microwave antenna, there is an antenna cover which function to protect the antenna component from wind loads and changes in the surrounding weather, which is called a radome.The function of the microwave antenna is to receive and transmit radio waves, either from BTS to BTS or from BTS to BSC.

Microwave Systems
There are 2 parts inside and outside of this microwave system.The outer or outdoor part is called the ODU (Outdoor Unit) which is directly connected and installed with the microwave antenna on the BTS tower.ODU is a device that has an important role in the transmission process where the ODU specification is adjusted to the type of the IDU and the use of ODU is adjusted to the frequency used.Meanwhile, those that are inside or indoor are known as IDUs (Indoor Units) which are directly connected to the outdoor system.The IDU function is to superimpose the information signal on the carrier signal, then it is forwarded to the ODU and the antenna for further radiation, or vice versa.

II.3 StarWeb LCT
Is a software or software under the control of PT.Huawei is used to monitor various matters related to BTS towers, including disturbances or troubleshooting that occurs, maintenance, alarms when damage occurs to BTS towers, and others.This software is also capable of monitoring microwave antenna specifications on a BTS tower and monitoring signal parameters that have previously been adjusted to the link budget.
This software is one of the software that can be operated directly at the location because it is connected to the BTS device using a special USB cable.StarWeb LCT has several configuration menus displays, including Link Configuration, Microwave Link Configuration, Microwave Link Alarm, and Microwave Link Performance.In addition to the configuration menu, there is also a Diagnosis & Maintenance menu which includes ODU Frequency Scan [14].

II.4 Link Budget
Link budget is a way to calculate the receiving power level that is greater than or equal to the transmitted power level with the aim of maintaining a balance between the gain of the transmitting antenna (Tx) to the receiving antenna (Rx).This link budget can be calculated based of the distance between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) or by looking at the specifications on the antenna.The link budget calculation determines the level of success of a communication that is carried out.In determining the link budget for a microwave access network, the parameters that can be used include the following [15]: The gain is a parameter that measures the ability of the antenna to transmit the desired wave to the destination.The gain value is used to find the RSL value of each antenna.The data needed to calculate the antenna gain is the diameter of the microwave antenna and the frequency of the antenna used.The following is as the equation used to calculate the gain.G (dBi) = 17,8 + 20 log Ø + 20 log f Where: Ø = microwave antenna diameter(meter) f = microwave antenna frequency (GHz)

Free Space Loss (FSL)
Free Space Loss is a function of distance and frequency.Free Space Loss is the attenuation that occurs along the space between the transmitting and receiving antennas.In this space, no obstructions are allowed, because the transmission it has LOS character.To find out the condition of point to point with the transmission line, the free space attenuation calculation uses the following equation.FSL (dB) = 20 log (D) + 20 log (f) + 92.45 Where: D = The distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas (km) f = microwave antenna frequency (MHz)

Received Signal Level (RSL)
Received Signal Level (RSL) is the power level received by the decoding processing device.The purpose of calculating the RSL is to estimate the results to be obtained, namely in the form of received power and to determine whether the results are as desired.The data used in the RSL calculation are the gain values of the two antennas and the given transmitter power.The calculation of the RSL value is very important because it shows the service quality of a telecommunication operator.To get the RSL value, it can be done by 2 methods, namely: a.The Automatic method, that is with an application installed on a device.One android-based application that can be used is the RF Signal Tractor.b.The manual method, namely by using the theory of formula calculations by entering the necessary parameters or data The following is the equation used to calculate the RSL.RSL = PTX + GTX + GRX -FSL Where: PTX = transmit power(dBm) GTX = transmit antenna gain (dBi) GRX = receive antenna gain (dBi) FSL = free space loss (dB)

Transmission
In general, transmission means sending a signal or information from one place to another.In transmitting, of course there are obstacles that can cause the transmission process to be disrupted so that information delivery activities are disrupted.Line of Sight (LOS) radio telecommunication system is a signal transmission technique in which there are absolutely no obstacles between two interconnected terminals, so that the signal from the sender can be directly directed to and received by the receiving system.The LOS system is usually used in microwave transmission systems which are free space wave propagation with respect to direct waves and reflected waves.Transmission performance is a measure of a transmission process that is carried out, which indicates whether the transmission process is good or not.Therefore, better transmission performance is a condition that must be met and really needs to be considered so that the purpose of communication can be achieved [16].
Apart from LOS, it is also known as Non-Line of Sight or NLOS which is used to describe radio transmission over a partially bloctod or obstructed path, usually a physical object (tall buildings or trees) within the Fresnel zone.

III.1 Research Sites
The location as a place of research where to collect data regarding the size specifications and diameter of the microwave antenna and also the parameters that affect the signal quality at the base stations carried out at PT. Infratech Indonesia Ao which is located on Jl.Prime, Mr. Setia No.8A, Parit Tokaya, South Pontianak, West Kalimantan 78115.

III.2 Required Equipment
In this study used supporting equipment and is already available on PT.Infratech Indonesia to carry out a comparative analysis of the large diameter microwave antennas as follows: StarWeb LCT software is a type of software released by Huawei that can monitor microwave antenna specifications and parameters that affect signal quality at base stations.

Software Open Camera
The Open Camera Software is a type of software used to obtain microwave antenna location data in the form of coordinates, location photos and situation photos.

Wi-Fi Device
The Wi-Fi device in this study is used to provide stable internet access in order to be able to access the StarWeb LCT software without a time limit on a laptop.

III.3 Research Methods 1. Literature Study
Literature study in this research was conducted to find and collect theories regarding microwaves.Literature studies are carried out through journals, internet media and other references 2. Qualitative Method The qualitative method was carried out to analyze the effect of the diameter of the microwave antenna on the BTS performance.

Quantitative Method
The quantitative method is used to determine the signal parameters by calculating the link budget which will then be compared with the data on the StarWeb LCT.

Conclusion
Conclusions made after conducting data collection and analysis.

IV.1 Data dan Site Location
Below is the attached site data from each site analyzed for further comparison of the diameters of the microwave antennas.So, the obtained FSL value is calculated by changing parameter D, namely the distance between one site and another.The change that occurs in the FSL calculation is that the greater the distance between sites, the greater the FSL value.The gain value of the antenna is calculated by changing the variable diameter of the microwave antenna, where the larger the diameter of the antenna, the greater the gain value.The effect of the antenna diameter on the gain value is that the larger the diameter used, the greater the receiving power from the transmitting antenna due to the wider antenna coverage.

IV.3 The Effect of Microwave Antenna Diameter on Receiving Power in StarWeb LCT and Link Budget Calculation
The data being compared is the RSL value.Figure 16 shows a comparison of the RSL values contained in the StarWeb LCT software and in the calculations of the link budget.

Figure 16. Graph of Comparison of RSL Values on
StarWeb LCT and Link Budget The RSL value between the data in the StarWeb LCT software and the link budget calculation has a slight difference.This is because there are several values in the different link budget calculation parameters, such as rounding off numbers that affect the final calculation result.In addition, the RSL values are also different because the signal waves propagate in free space at short or long distances with LOS conditions or without obstacles without any attenuation on the transmission line.
The receiving power parameter used as a benchmark in determining the transmission performance of microwave antennas at base stations is adjusted to the standard provisions according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as follows:

IV.4 Comparison of Microwave Antenna Diameter Against Signal Emitting Distance
In this study, the diameter sizes of the microwave antennas compared were 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 0.9 m and 1.8 m at the New site, Mitra Anda site, Siantan Tengah site and Kuala Dua site.At the New site, the diameter of the microwave antenna is 0.3 m which is the receiver from your Mitra site which is 0.8 km away.For the Mitra Anda site, the diameter of the microwave antenna is 0.6 m which is the receiver from the Tebu site which is 3.5 km away and the Siantan Tengah site has a microwave antenna with a diameter of 0.9 m which is the receiver from the Merdeka Barat site which is 9 km away.Whereas the Kuala Dua site has a microwave antenna diameter of 1.8 m which is a receiver from the Wonoyoso site which is 17.3 km away.

IV.5 The Comparison Simulation of Microwave Antenna Diameter Against Signal Emitting Distance
In diameter of 0.3 m, the distance of the transmitted signal is 1 km to 2 km and at a diameter of 0.6 m, the distance of the transmitted signal is 3 km to 4 km.For a diameter of 0.9 m, the distance of the transmitted signal is 9 to 12 km.Meanwhile, for a microwave antenna with a diameter of 1.8 m, the distance of the transmitted signal is 17 to 19 km.The installation of the diameter size of the microwave antenna varies depending on the location of the BTS placement and the needs around the location.For example, a microwave antenna with a large diameter is used in densely populated residential locations because there will be many users or users around the placement of the BTS.The ODU frequency is also related to the distance of the signal transmission power, where the smaller the frequency used, the farther the distance of the signal transmission power.

LCT software 1 . 2 .
Set the IP address corresponding to data from Huawei.Open the software by double-clicking the StarWeb LCT icon.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Icon view or shortcut StarWeb LCT 3. Perform the login process using a valid username and password and have connected to the Wi-Fi network.

Figure 2 .Figure 3 .
Figure 2. Login View 4. Select the site to be monitored

Figure 4 . 5 Figure 5 .
Figure 4. First Display of Microwave Link Configuration Menu III.5 Flow Chart of Research The flowchart in the research can be shown in the following figure.Start

Figure 12 .Figure 13 .
Figure 12.The First display of Microwave Antenna Parameters at Grand Mahkota site

Figure 14 .Figure 15 .
Figure 14.The First display of Microwave Antenna Parameters at Siantan Tengah site of FSL from Merdeka Barat site to Siantan Tengah site Based on existing data, the distance between the Merdeka Barat site and the Siantan Tengah site is 10 km in a straight line and the frequency on the receiver is 23 GHz.FSL (dB) = 20 log (D) + 20 log (f) + 92.45 = 20 log (10) + 20 log (23) + 92.45 = 19.08 + 27.23 + 92.45 = 139.68dB b) Calculation of antenna gain from Merdeka Barat site to Siantan Tengah site Based on existing data, the diameter of the receiver antenna at the Gertak site to the Grand Mahkota site is 0.9 m and the frequency at the receiver is 23 GHz.G = 17.8 + 20 log Ø + 20 log f = 17.8 + 20 log (0.9) + 20 log (23) = 17.8 + (-0.9151) + 27.23 = 44.11dBi c) RSL Calculation from Merdeka Barat site to Siantan Tengah site Based on existing data, the Tx Power is 19.5 dBm, the antenna gain is 44.11 dB and the FSL value is 139.68 dB.RSL = PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX -FSL = 19.5 + 44.11 + 44.11 -139.68 = -31.96dBm

Table 1 .
Data site Tebu to Mitra Anda

Table 2 .
Data site Mitra Anda to Gertak

Table 3 .
Data site Mitra Anda to New Site

Table 4 .
Data site Gertak to Grand Mahkota

Table 5 .
Data site Merdeka Barat to Siantan Tengah

Table 6 .
Data site Mercure to Supadio

Table 7 .
Data site Wonoyoso to Kuala Dua Below is the capture result from the StarWeb LCT software which displays the data or parameters of the microwave antenna and the antenna parameter table which will be used for calculating the link budget at each site.1. Site Tebu to Mitra Anda

Table 11 .
Microwave Antenna Parameters at Gertak site to RSL Calculation from Gertak site to Grand Mahkota site Based on existing data, the Tx Power is 19 dBm, the antenna gain is 34.57dB and the FSL value is 121.

Table 12 .
Microwave Antenna Parameters at Gertak site to

Table 13 .
Acceptability Rated Standard Based on ITU-D

Table 15 .
The Effect of Microwave Antenna Diameter of